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 紡織印染車間廢氣處理設備 印染行業廢氣處理設備（藍陽環保）

 

                                  

 

紡織印染廢氣處理設備簡介
印染行業在帶來一定經濟、社會效益的同時也造成了較為嚴重的大氣環境污染問題。
 
結合以往經驗，針對紡織印染企業以下生產裝置中產生的油煙、廢氣，提供廢氣處理解決方案，并提供詳細的廢氣凈化工藝技術分析：定型機/涂布機/整形機/烘干機/燒毛機/磨毛機/涂層機,其他產生油煙、廢氣的設備
 
紡織印染行業常見的廢氣排放環節匯總分析:
從上述工藝流程來看，可將印染生產工藝流程分為坯布準備、前處理、后整理及成品包裝四個階段。其中，前處理和后整理是主要污染排放源。
前處理包括燒毛、精煉、漂白、絲光等過程。燒毛指將織物通過火焰或在炙熱的金屬表面擦過，燒去表面絨毛的工藝過程，以保證后續對織物進行染整的工藝效果。此過程會因纖維燃燒產生一定的顆粒物。
精煉、漂白、絲光、染色、固色等工藝過程為濕過程，操作溫度也不高，一般不會產生廢氣。為了達到織物整理要求，還會有皂洗、水洗、烘干等過程。在烘干過程中，織物上附帶的織物油、紡紗油、染料、精煉清潔用劑等會揮發，產生大氣污染。
此后，織物進入后整理工序，一般通過熱定型機進行整理。由于定型機的高溫作用（180～210℃），部分定型溫度甚至高達280℃，使得吸附在織物表面的污染物受熱大量揮發，造成嚴重的大氣污染。主要產生有機廢氣、粒狀污染物（油煙和氣溶膠）等。
再后的成品包裝、入庫過程很少有廢氣釋放。
涂層整理過程中會使用到大量的有機溶劑，特別溶劑型涂層，對大氣污染較為嚴重。
 
廢氣成分分析：
紡織染整過程中可能涉及的大氣污染物質，包括甲醇、甲醛、乙酸乙烯酯、乙二醇醚、1,4-二氧雜環乙烷、乙二醇、1,2,4-三氯苯、甲苯、聯苯、氨、苯乙烯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸乙酯、乙烯乙二醇、四氯乙烯、三乙胺、二甲苯、甲乙酮、二氯甲烷、甲基異丁基酮、氯乙烯、乙二醇乙醚、*、乙酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丁二烯、丙酮、DMF、丁酮、苯胺、以及其他的醇、酯、脂肪族碳氫化合物。
 
廢氣排放特點分析：
（1）廢氣排放溫度高，一般介于100～155℃之間；
（2）廢氣含油顆粒物高，粘稠性強，且以冷凝性粒子為主；
（3）廢氣無機污染物（CO、CO2、HCl等）濃度低，部分可低于檢出限；
（4）廢氣中顆粒物粒徑小，多數是不足1μm的油煙顆粒物；
（5）廢氣有機污染成分復雜多變（醛、酮、雜環化合物等），濃度略偏低（涂層整理除外）。
 
目前常用的紡織印染廢氣處理技術
目前對印染廢氣治理主要集中在對其廢氣中油煙和顆粒物的去除，以解決廢氣的惡臭和透明度差的問題。常用的凈化方法可歸納為機械凈化、噴淋洗滌、靜電除塵和氧化燃燒等4大類。
機械凈化：
利用質量力、過濾、吸附或吸收等方法，對廢氣進行凈化，其主要裝置為旋風除塵器。鑒于旋風除塵器對<5μm顆粒物捕集效率較低，實際應用中一般只作廢氣預處理裝置或一級除塵設備。活性炭過濾裝置主要采用親油性的高分子材料，通過截留、慣性碰撞、擴散等方式凈化油煙廢氣，初期凈化效果較好，但吸附飽和時凈化效果迅速下降，甚至*消失。此外，由于印染廢氣含油量大，粘附性強，易導致裝置被油性物質堵塞，造成設備故障.                                                                                  

噴淋洗滌：
是目前應用的廢氣處理設備，通過對煙氣進行噴淋洗滌，氣液直接接觸，不但可有效的降低煙氣的溫度，使油煙顆粒冷凝聚集變大而易脫除；同時溶劑水也可吸收部分可溶性的氣體，或通過摻入藥劑提高疏水性物質的溶解度，進而提高廢氣處理效率。主要通過水泵增壓和噴頭作用，將液體霧化與油煙污染物碰撞接觸，顆粒物被水霧捕獲吸附截留在凈化器內。該類設備具有運行可靠性高，能除去大部分直徑>2μm以上的油煙顆粒，凈化后油煙濃度基本能滿足現有排放標準的要求，運行成本介于機械凈化和靜電除塵之間等優點。但對直徑<1μm以下的次微米顆粒物去除效率較低，不能解決印染廢氣中刺激性氣味和有機廢氣的問題。常用的噴淋洗滌裝置有文丘里洗滌塔、渦流式洗滌塔、填料床洗滌器等                                          

 
2.靜電式油煙凈化/等離子油煙凈化：
是利用顆粒物經過靜電場后獲得荷電，形成荷電顆粒物，在電場力的作用下，向集塵極移動而被捕獲。其完成需要具備2個條件，一是有直流高壓電源產生的不均勻強電場，二是廢氣中含有自由電子。由于其去除效率高且操作壓損小，附帶有去除腐蝕性、毒性、少量臭味廢氣功能，其在紡織印染廢氣中的應用越來越廣。
      
3.燃燒技術：
可分為直接燃燒、催化燃燒和熱力燃燒三大類。對于印染廢氣，熱值較低難以直接燃燒，一般在處理過程中需要添加一定的輔助燃料。催化燃燒處理存在催化劑中毒的可能，特別是印染廢氣中含硫化物或矽酮類物質，因此在進行催化燃燒之前，需對廢氣進行脫硫及烴類物質。熱力燃燒需預先增溫后，進入熱力燃燒室燃燒，適用于高濃度有機廢氣處理，其投資運行成本較高，難以適用于當前的印染企業實際情況。此外，燃燒法zui大的問題是，存在回火現象，長時間的處理使得內壁會殘留許多油垢，處理過程中稍微不注意，可能會引發管道內火災。
 
通過以上分析，可以看出，靜電式油煙凈化器（等離子油煙凈化設備）是目前針對紡織印染企業經濟、高效的廢氣處理設備。同時，根據我們的工程經驗，為了獲得更好的除臭除味效果，實現印染廢氣無煙無味排放，建議聯合光催化廢氣處理設備使用。                                                                                                                              

 

 

Brief Introduction of Textile Printing and Dyeing Waste Gas Treatment Equipment

Printing and dyeing industry has brought certain economic and social benefits, but also caused a more serious problem of atmospheric environmental pollution.

                  

Based on the past experience, Jinan Platinum Rui Purification Equipment Co., Ltd. provides solutions to the fumes and exhaust gases produced in the following production facilities of textile printing and dyeing enterprises, and provides detailed technical analysis of the exhaust gas purification process.

Stereotyping machine

Coater

Shaping machine

Dryer

Singeing frame

Grinding Machine

Coating machine

Other equipment for producing soot and exhaust gas

 

Summary and Analysis of Common Exhaust Gas Emission Links in Textile Printing and Dyeing Industry

 

From the above process, the printing and dyeing production process can be divided into four stages: grey cloth preparation, pretreatment, post-finishing and finished product packaging. Among them, pre-treatment and post-treatment are the main pollution sources.

Pretreatment includes singeing, refining, bleaching and mercerizing. Burning refers to the process of burning down the surface of a fabric by rubbing it on a flame or hot metal surface to ensure the subsequent dyeing and finishing of the fabric. This process will produce some particulate matter due to the combustion of fibers.

The process of refining, bleaching, mercerizing, dyeing and fixing is a wet process, and the operating temperature is not high, so the exhaust gas will not be produced. In order to meet the requirements of fabric finishing, there will be soaping, washing, drying and other processes. In the drying process, the fabric oil, spinning oil, dyestuff, refining cleaning agent etc. attached to the fabric will volatilize, resulting in air pollution.

Thereafter, the fabric entered the post-finishing process, usually through the heat setting machine for finishing. Because of the high temperature effect of the stereotyping machine (180-210 C), some of the stereotyping temperature even reaches 280 C, which makes the pollutants adsorbed on the surface of the fabric evaporate in large quantities and causes serious air pollution. It mainly produces organic waste gases, granular pollutants (fumes and aerosols) and so on.

There are few exhaust gases released during the packaging and storage of finished products after zui.

A large number of organic solvents, especially solvent-based coatings, will be used in coating finishing process, which will cause serious air pollution.

 

Analysis of exhaust gas components:

Air pollutants that may be involved in textile dyeing and finishing process include methanol, formaldehyde, vinyl acetate, ethylene glycol ether, 1,4-dioxane, ethylene glycol, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, toluene, biphenyl, ammonia, styrene, acrylonitrile, ethylene acrylate, ethylene glycol, tetrachloroethylene, triethylamine, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane, methyl isobutyl ketone, chloroethylene. Ethylene glycol ether, phenol, ethyl acetate, butyl acrylate, butadiene, acetone, DMF, butanone, aniline, and other alcohols, esters, aliphatic hydrocarbons.

 Analysis of the characteristics of exhaust emissions:

(1) The exhaust gas emission temperature is high, generally between 100 ~155 C.

(2) The exhaust gas has high oil-bearing particulate matter, strong viscous property and mainly condensable particulate matter.

(3) The concentration of inorganic pollutants (CO, CO2, HCl, etc.) in exhaust gas is low, and some of them can be below the detection limit.

(4) The particle size of exhaust gas is small, most of which are soot particles less than 1 micron.

(5) Components of organic pollutants in waste gas are complex and changeable (aldehydes, ketones, heterocyclic compounds, etc.), with a slightly lower concentration (except coating finishing).

           

Currently commonly used textile printing and dyeing exhaust gas treatment technology

At present, the treatment of printing and dyeing exhaust mainly focuses on the removal of soot and particulate matter in the exhaust gas, in order to solve the problem of odor and poor transparency of the exhaust gas. The commonly used purification methods can be summarized into four categories: mechanical purification, spray washing, electrostatic precipitation and oxidation combustion.

Mechanical purification:

The waste gas is purified by means of mass force, filtration, adsorption or absorption. The main device is cyclone dust collector. In view of the low efficiency of cyclone dust collector for particles less than 5 micron, it is generally used as an exhaust gas pretreatment device or a primary dust collector in practical application. Activated carbon filter mainly uses oil-affinity macromolecule material to purify oil-fume exhaust gas through interception, inertial collision and diffusion. The initial purification effect is better, but the purification effect drops rapidly or disappears completely when the adsorption is saturated. In addition, due to the high oil content and strong adhesion of printing and dyeing exhaust gas, it is easy to cause the device to be blocked by oily substances, resulting in equipment failure.

Spray washing:

At present, Zui is a widely used waste gas treatment equipment. By spraying and washing the flue gas and contacting directly with the gas and liquid, it can not only effectively reduce the temperature of the flue gas and make the condensation and aggregation of the fume particles larger and easier to remove, but also absorb some soluble gases, or increase the solubility of hydrophobic substances by adding chemicals, thereby improving the efficiency of waste gas treatment. The liquid atomization is collided and contacted with soot pollutants mainly through the action of pump pressurization and nozzle, and the particles are trapped and absorbed by water mist and trapped in the purifier. This kind of equipment has the advantages of high operational reliability, removal of most soot particles whose diameter is more than 2 microns, the concentration of soot after purification can basically meet the requirements of existing emission standards, and the operation cost is between mechanical purification and electrostatic precipitation. However, the removal efficiency of sub-micron particles with diameter less than 1 micron is low, which can not solve the problem of irritating odor and organic waste gas in printing and dyeing exhaust. The common spray scrubbing devices are Venturi scrubber, eddy scrubber and packed bed scrubber.                                                                                       

2. Electrostatic Fume Purification/Plasma Fume Purification:

Particulate matter is charged after passing through the electrostatic field to form charged particulate matter, which is captured by moving to the dust collector under the action of electric field force. Its completion requires two conditions, one is the uneven strong electric field generated by DC high voltage power supply, and the other is the free electrons in the exhaust gas. Because