碳化硅石墨坩堝廠家碳化硅石墨坩堝廠家碳化硅石墨坩堝廠家
* 中冀金鋼牌熔鋁碳化硅石墨坩堝中部帶嘴DZ1000號。* 中冀金鋼牌熔鋁碳化硅石墨坩堝(中部帶嘴)DZ1000號,上口外徑855mm,外高540mm,用于電阻爐等
一、坩堝放入爐內,是等自身紅透,先放一點小型的金屬碎料在坩堝底,再放金屬錠(金屬錠下堝前必須放在爐沿邊上烘烤),以免冷錠直接放進堝里,造成坩堝遇冷而炸裂。而且還必須保證這些材料在坩堝中受熱時有足夠的膨脹空間,否則坩堝容易被擠裂。
二、烘烤的金屬錠必須慢慢的豎著放進堝里。如橫著放進去,金屬錠熱膨脹容易把坩堝擠破。往坩堝中投料時必須非常小心,用夾鉗把錠料和較重的材料小心地放入坩堝中。千萬不要用傾倒的方式加料,錠料的棱角有可能撞裂坩堝。
三、使用過程中,堝里的金屬水太少時,也不要一次加料太多,這樣容易使堝內金屬水遇冷而凝固,之后溫度再次升高時,金屬熱膨脹而撐破坩堝。
添加劑的使用
1.添加劑必須嚴格按照規定的量添加,過量的添加劑會縮短坩堝的壽命。
2.添加劑不能放入空坩堝或固體金屬中,應該在金屬*溶解后再加入到金屬液中間位置,并緩慢均勻的攪動,避免添加劑直接接觸坩堝體。
3.加入片狀或塊狀添加劑時應使用鐘罩將其浸入金屬溶液中。
1.坩堝屬陶瓷制品,坩堝壁內存在一定數量的氣孔,容易吸潮,所以*使用坩堝之前在不加料的條件下,坩堝必須進行預熱以確保沒有濕氣殘留在坩堝壁中:是放在有溫度的爐邊烘烤24小時以上,在這段時間內,坩堝要轉動幾次,使其均勻受熱,去除坩堝壁內的潮氣(或者將適量木柴放置坩堝內燃燒3小時左右達到預熱效果)。以免坩堝升溫太快,造成坩堝熱膨脹,出現掉底、脫層或爆裂。
注:潮氣一般在75100度時蒸發的zui快,所以在此溫度時升溫一定要慢;2小時后坩堝預熱至150200度并保溫一小時,之后每小時升溫150度。由于在***度的溫度范圍內坩堝壁會出現快速氧化,氧化不僅會縮短坩堝的壽命,而且會由于熱導率降低影響其使用性能,因此坩堝無需在此溫度區間內停留過久的時間。
2. 坩堝經過*次預熱后通常如連續使用無需再次預熱,除非坩堝再次暴露于潮濕的環境中
3.坩堝預熱后,操作人員需要在不加料的狀態下快速升溫到***度,并保溫半小時,再降到正常的使用溫度,然后加料。(加熱坩堝使其溫度高于正常工作溫度會延長坩堝的使用壽命。)通常使坩堝加熱至815930度,會有助于坩堝的釉料保護,如果有可能,這種高溫加熱可以每周都進行一次
感應電爐坩堝的安裝
1. 坩堝與感應線圈間的距離為8-10cm(確保坩堝放置在感應線圈的*部位)。
2. 感應線圈上表面附著的雜質要清理干凈。
3. 爐底要用硬質耐火磚(好的耐火磚)墊平,所墊高度視坩堝與爐的高度而定。
4. 用優質的石棉布(厚2-3mm為好)貼附在感應線圈內側,石棉布的上邊應高于線圈,到平臺口上。
5. 用于的石英砂(或莫來砂、耐火砂)放進坩堝與石棉布之間,一層層的夯實打起來。(注:用吸鐵石吸一下石英砂中的雜質)
6. 用水玻璃、粘土、石英砂等混合成的混合物把上口封好。
注:坩堝安裝好開始用時,用小功率30-50kw烘爐,等坩堝暗紅時增至100kw,之后再調至所需功率。
感應電爐坩堝安裝注意事項
燃氣爐、生物顆粒爐、燃油爐、焦炭爐、煤爐中石墨碳化硅坩堝的正確安裝。燃氣爐、生物顆粒爐、燃油爐、焦炭爐、煤爐中石墨碳化硅坩堝的正確安裝:
燃氣爐、生物顆粒爐、燃油爐、焦炭爐、煤爐坩堝的安裝
Gas stove, bio-particle furnace, oil furnace, coke oven, coal furnace crucible installation
錯誤的做法:在支撐磚和坩堝之間留下的空隙太小,坩堝膨脹受阻會裂開。
Wrong practice:The space left between the support brick and the crucible is too small, the crucible expansion will be blocked will crack.
正確的做法:在支撐磚和坩堝之間插入小木片,木片會燃燒掉從而留下足夠的空隙。
Right practice:I n s e r t a small piece of wood between the support brick and the crucible, and the wood burns away to leave enough clearance.
錯誤的做法:爐子頂部沒有*密封,坩堝頂部容易受到氧氣氧化,從而產生豎直裂紋。
Wrong practice:The top of the furnace is not compley sealed, and the top of the crucible is susceptible to oxygen oxidation, resulting in a vertical crack.
正確的做法:用保溫棉把爐沿密封
Right practice:Use heat insulation cotton to seal the furnace along.
一、安裝坩堝前,必須先檢查爐膛內部:爐壁和爐底應該是完好無損,必須干燥,沒有金屬或爐渣附著。如果爐壁或爐底附著水泥或爐渣,必須要進行清理。否則火焰的前進會受到阻礙而使火焰方向發生偏轉,從而造成坩堝局部受熱過度,在坩堝壁上發生氧化或產生小洞。
First, before the crucible is installed, the inside of the furnace must be checked. The furnace wall and the bottom should be intact, must be dry, no metal or slag adhesion. It must be cleaned up If the furnace wall or bottom adhesion of cement or slag. Otherwise, the advance of the flame will be hindered and the direction of the flame will be deflected, resulting in the local overheating of the crucible, oxidation or small hole on the crucible wall.
二、坩堝的底部支撐:
Second, the bottom of the crucible support:
1.安裝坩堝時,坩堝的底部支撐必須使用表面平整的、足夠大的圓柱形底座,底座的直徑至少要與坩堝的底部相同,是略大2-3cm,且底座高度略高于出火口,從而防止火焰直接燒到坩堝底部。否則容易造成底部材料迅速被侵蝕,坩堝變成錐形,或由于坩堝底部受力不均而使坩堝開裂。Install the crucible, crucible bottom supporting large enough of a cylindrical base must be used with smooth surface, and the base diameter of at least to the bottom of the crucible, preferably 2-3cm, and the base height is slightly higher than the outlet, thereby preventing direct flame burn at the bottom of the crucible. Otherwise, it is easy to cause the bottom material to be eroded rapidly, and the crucible is tapered, or the crucible is cracked due to the uneven force at the bottom of the crucible.
2.為防止坩堝與底座粘連,可以在坩堝與底座間放一層隔離物(如:細耐火砂或高溫棉。)
In order to prevent the crucible from sticking to the base, a layer of isolation between the crucible and the base (e.g., fine sand or high temperature) can be provided.
3.在傾轉爐中使用卡隼式底座時,必須保證底座的凸起和坩堝凹槽是互相匹配的。如果底座的凸起太高或者尺寸太大,坩堝底部會受到擠壓,必然造成底部破裂,而且在傾倒后,坩堝不能被有效地固定。Use a tenon type base in tilting converter, must ensure that the base bulge and the groove is matched in the crucible. If the height of the base is too high or the size is too large, the bottom of the crucible will be squeezed, and the bottom will be broken. After the dumping, the crucible cannot be effectively fixed.
4.安裝帶長澆嘴的傾轉爐坩堝時,要提供高度合適的底座并把坩堝支撐固定好,如果底座支撐不合適,此類坩堝會只靠澆嘴“懸掛”在爐子內。這樣坩堝會從上部斷裂掉。
When installing a tilting converter crucible with a long spout, a highly suitable base is provided and the crucible is secured to the support, and if the base is not properly supported, such a crucible will be suspended in the furnace only by the spout. So the crucible will break from the top.
三、坩堝與支撐磚間的空隙:
Third, the gap between crucible and support brick:
1.坩堝與支撐磚間的空隙太小,坩堝受熱膨脹后會受阻裂開,可在坩堝和爐壁頂部支撐磚間直接放置可燃物(插入小木片或紙板),在坩堝加熱后,可燃物會燃燒掉從而留下足夠的空間。The gap between the crucible and the supporting brick is too small, after the expansion of the heated crucible will be blocked in the crack, crucible and furnace wall top supporting brick directly placing combustibles (i n s e r t the small pieces of wood or cardboard), in the crucible after heating, fuel burn down and leave enough space.
2.對于在側面排廢氣的爐子,坩堝和爐壁之間可以用保溫棉密封,然后用耐高溫水泥固定。這樣既可以防止因爐頂沒有*密封,而使坩堝頂部氧化而裂開,且在坩堝受熱向上膨脹時不會受阻裂開。For exhaust gas in the side of the stove, crucible and furnace wall can be sealed with insulation cotton, and then fixed with high temperature cement. This prevents both the top of the crucible from being oxidized and cracked by the top of the crucible due to incomplete sealing of the furnace roof, and is prevented from cracking when the crucible is heated upwardly.
(注:建議使用爐沿蓋來防止坩堝的氧化、頂部開裂和腐蝕。爐沿蓋的內邊要覆蓋住坩堝內表面100mm處,能更好地避免坩堝受到外力撞擊和被氧化。)(Note: It is recommended to use the cover to prevent the oxidation of the crucible furnace top, cracking and corrosion. The inner side of the furnace cover is covered with the inner surface of the crucible 100mm, so as to avoid the impact of the external force and the oxidation of the crucible.)
3.在傾轉爐中,應該在坩堝一半高度的位置上,有一塊或兩塊支撐磚在澆嘴的下方把坩堝固定。應在坩堝和支撐磚之間放入34cm左右的高溫棉,以保留足夠的空間防止坩堝膨脹時受阻。
In the tilting furnace, one or two supporting bricks should be positioned below the crucible at a height of half the crucible to hold the crucible below the spout. You should be placed between the crucible and support brick around 3 4cm high temperature cotton, in order to retain enough space to prevent the crucible expansion blocked.