來自南京*軍事醫學研究所和南京醫科大學的科研人員采用克隆方法,制備出一株具有中和活性的抗狂犬病毒的基因工程中和新型抗體(Fab)。經動物實驗證實,該抗體聯合疫苗能有效阻止狂犬病毒感染,在狂犬病預防中具有潛在的應用前景。該論文發表在一期《中國藥理學報》上。
狂犬病是由狂犬病毒引起的人畜共患急性傳染病,病死率*,表現為極度神經興奮乃至狂暴,繼之局部或全身麻痹而死亡。狂犬病發病后進展速度快,至多10天內死亡。據聯合國世界衛生組織的相關材料顯示,每年約有5萬人和數以百萬計的野生動物死于狂犬病,中國因狂犬病而死亡的人數在法定傳染病中已躍居第2位。
聯合應用抗狂犬病毒免疫球蛋白和狂犬病疫苗是狂犬病三級感染預防的主要措施。目前臨床使用的抗狂犬病毒免疫球蛋白,主要來自狂犬病疫苗免疫人或馬的抗狂犬病毒血清,抗體的產量受到限制且存在一定的安全隱患。基因工程抗體技術的完善與發展,為制備具備高親和力的治療性人源抗體提供新途徑。人源抗體由于具有較低的免疫原性和較好的組織穿透性,使其能夠更好地應用于疾病的臨床治療。
據悉,本研究是人源抗狂犬病毒治療性中和抗體研究中的一部分,研究小組從人源免疫型抗狂犬病毒抗體庫中篩選出的一株針對狂犬病毒糖蛋白的單鏈抗體,克隆出可變區基因,運用重疊延伸拼接的方法,拼接成Fab基因,并經過小鼠動物實驗。體外研究及小鼠狂犬病毒感染后預防研究證實,抗體聯合疫苗能夠有效阻止狂犬病毒的感染,對狂犬病毒感染后的小鼠具有預防保護作用。
原文出處:
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (2011) 32: 329–337; doi: 10.1038/aps.2010.209
Generation and characterization of the human neutralizing antibody fragment Fab091 against rabies virus
Chen LI1, 3, 4, Feng ZHANG1, 3, Hong LIN1, Zhong-can WANG2, Xin-jian LIU1, Zhen-qing FENG1, 3, Jin ZHU1, 2, *, Xiao-hong GUAN1, *
Aim: To transform the human anti-rabies virus glycoprotein (anti-RABVG) single-chain variable fragment (scFv) into a Fab fragment and to analyze its immunological activity.
Methods: The Fab gene was amplified using overlap PCR and inserted into the vector pComb3XSS. The recombinant vector was then transformed into E coli *0F′ for expression and purification. The purified Fab was characterized using SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, indirect ELISA, competitive ELISA, and the fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test (FAVN), respectively, and examined in a Kunming mouse challenge model in vivo.
Results: A recombinant vector was constructed. The Fab was expressed in soluble form in E coli *0F′. Specific binding of the Fab to rabies virus was confirmed by indirect ELISA and immunoprecipitation (IP). The neutralizing antibody titer of Fab was 10.26 IU/mL. The mouse group treated with both vaccine and human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG)/Fab091 (32 IU/kg) showed protection against rabies, compared with the control group (P<0.05, logrank test).
Conclusion: The antibody fragment Fab was shown to be a neutralizing antibody against RABVG. It can be used together with other monoclonal antibodies for post-exposure prophylaxis of rabies virus in future studies.
Keywords: rabies; Fab engineered antibody; neutralizing antibodies